refer to
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3760691/what-is-the-use-of-any-instance-method-in-rails
# 表示 所有的Product 的实例,在运行 save 方法后,都需要返回false Product.any_instance.stubs(:save).returns(false) product_1 = Product.new assert_equal false, product_1.save product_2 = Product.new assert_equal false, product_2.save
也就是说,可以给某个方法加上钩子,永远修改返回值。
完整例子: